[{"_1":2,"_3":-5,"_4":-5},"loaderData",{"_5":6,"_7":8},"actionData","errors","root",{"_11":-5},"routes/user.$name.replies",{"_9":10,"_11":12,"_13":14,"_15":16,"_17":18,"_19":20},"replies",[36,37],"user",{"_21":22,"_13":14,"_23":24,"_25":26,"_27":28,"_29":30,"_31":32,"_33":16,"_34":35},"loginname","zjhiphop","page",1,"limit",50,"total",2,"id","988","avatar_url","http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/a871a3499c2278da0160e382565b7462?s=48","githubUsername","","create_at","2011-10-19 04:02:48","score",5,"topic_count",0,"reply_count","is_star",false,{"_21":58,"_39":59,"_41":-5,"_42":60,"_44":61,"_46":62,"_48":35,"_49":35,"_33":63,"_51":64,"_27":65,"_54":66},{"_21":38,"_39":40,"_41":-5,"_42":43,"_44":45,"_46":47,"_48":35,"_49":35,"_33":50,"_51":52,"_27":53,"_54":55},"56","author_id","932","tab","content","最近Node.js很火，让很多的前端看到了可以直接从前端写到后端的希望。但是每次部署一个Node.js的应用却让前端苦恼不已。每次登陆服务器，用自己不熟悉的方式从版本控制仓库中拖下源代码，kill掉应用的进程，重起一个应用的守护进程。如果能够自动化的部署一个Node.js应用，而不需要去接触这些前端不太熟悉的Unix系统命令和管理。对于大家来说就是提升了生产力。Capistrano是一个强大的自动化部署工具，所以我们选用他来做自动化部署。并且我已经把做好了的一个部署脚本Nodebot提交到github上去，供大家参考。\r\n
\r\n
首先我们需要一个环境，分为两个环境：部署客户端环境和服务器环境。\r\n

部署客户端系统需求：

\r\n
你可以用任何系统了，系统只要具备下面的4个软件就可。\r\n

安装ruby。去http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/下载适合你系统的ruby版本。

安装rubygem。去http://rubyforge.org/projects/rubygems/下载最新版的RubyGems，解压后运行以下命令安装。 sudo ruby setup.rb

安装Capistrano和Capistrano-etx。运行以下的命令安装。sudo gem install capistrano capistrano-ext

\r\n
这样你就拥有了在机器部署node.js应用的软件。然后你需要能够不使用密码直接登陆到服务器上。运行下面的命令：\r\n

# Create a local ssh key\r\n
ssh-keygen\r\n
#Copy key to server\r\n
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh user[@domain](/user/domain).com \"cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys\"\r\n

\r\n
这样你就可以不需要密码直接登陆到服务器。\r\n

服务器端系统需求：

\r\n
当然要Unix一类的系统了，Nodebot需要具备upstart的系统（一个基于事件的守护进程管理系统）。虽然Node.js能跑在window上，但是那只适合开发环境，不适合生产环境。还要有下面的软件，你也可以下载Nodebot并在部署客户端运行命令cap nodebot:setup 来自动化安装。\r\n

安装scm软件。比如git，svn或hg，取决于你的node.js应用源代码管理软件。

安装Node.js。没什么好说的，地球人都知道这是什么。

安装npm。Node.js的一个包管理软件

安装node-jake。一个javascript的代码构建工具，有点像make和rake。用来安装应用的依赖。

具备upstart的系统，比如Ubantu。来做应用的守护进程。参看 http://upstart.ubuntu.com/

\r\n
部署的登陆用户需要sudo权限，并且不需要提示输入密码。参考命令：\r\n

#Add a sudoer\r\n
sudo useradd -m foo\r\n
#edit sudoer privilege\r\n
sudo visudo\r\n

\r\n
出现编辑器时，插入下面一行，foo就是你新建的用户：\r\n

foo ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

\r\n
然后在deploy.rb文件（下面会提到）里配置foo为部署用户。\r\n

部署客户端脚本

\r\n
环境有了，那就要开工了。我们希望在服务器上的Node.js应用运行几个不同的环境：测试环境，开发环境，产品环境等。运行cap .命令会在当前的目录下产生一个文件和一个目录。在目录里有个deploy.rb，这是我们需要修改的文件。由于我们需要多个环境，所以我们引入了Capistrano-etx。\r\n

set :stages, %w[staging production]\r\n
set :default_stage, 'staging'\r\n
require 'capistrano/ext/multistage'\r\n

\r\n
我们设定了两个环境：staging和production，默认是staging环境。我们再在config目录下建一个deploy目录，里面放的两个.rb文件对应不同的环境配置.最后部署环境的目录下是这样的一个结构：\r\n

.\r\n
├── Capfile\r\n
└── config\r\n
    ├── deploy\r\n
    │   ├── production.rb\r\n
    │   └── staging.rb\r\n
    ├── deploy.rb\r\n
    └── node.rb

\r\n
deploy.rb文件看起来像这样。你需要设定host, repository,user和admin_user ：\r\n

##\r\n
# Capistrano tasks for Ubantu.\r\n
#\r\n
# Author: Shihua Ma http://f2eskills.com/\r\n
\r\n
set :stages, %w[staging production]\r\n
set :default_stage, 'staging'\r\n
require 'capistrano/ext/multistage'\r\n
#application name\r\n
set :application, \"example\"\r\n
#start server script\r\n
set :node_file, \"app.js\"\r\n
#deploy host\r\n
set :host, \"hostname\"\r\n
#user name,must be a sudoer without prompting for password \r\n
set :user, \"username\"\r\n
set :admin_runner, user\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
set :repository, \"git[@git](/user/git)[@git](/user/git)hub.com:mashihua/Nodebot.git\"\r\n
set :scm, :git\r\n
set :deploy_via, :remote_cache\r\n
role :app, host\r\n
set :use_sudo, true\r\n
\r\n
namespace :deploy do\r\n
  \r\n
  desc \"Start node server\"\r\n
  task :start, :roles => :app, :except => { :no_release => true } do\r\n
    run \"sudo start #{application}_#{node_env}\"\r\n
  end\r\n
  \r\n
  desc \"Stop node server\"\r\n
  task :stop, :roles => :app, :except => { :no_release => true } do\r\n
    run \"sudo stop #{application}_#{node_env}\"\r\n
  end\r\n
  \r\n
  desc \"Restart node server\"\r\n
  task :restart, :roles => :app, :except => { :no_release => true } do\r\n
    run \"sudo restart #{application}_#{node_env} || sudo start #{application}_#{node_env}\"\r\n
  end\r\n
\r\n
  desc \"Check required packages and install if packages are not installed\"\r\n
  task :check_packages, roles => :app do\r\n
    run \"cd #{release_path} && jake depends\"\r\n
  end\r\n
\r\n
  task :create_deploy_to_with_sudo, :roles => :app do\r\n
    run \"sudo mkdir -p #{deploy_to}\"\r\n
    run \"sudo chown #{admin_runner}:#{admin_runner} #{deploy_to}\"\r\n
  end\r\n
\r\n
  desc \"Update submodules\"\r\n
  task :update_submodules, :roles => :app do\r\n
    run \"cd #{release_path}; git submodule init && git submodule update\"\r\n
  end\r\n
  \r\n
  task :write_upstart_script, :roles => :app do\r\n
    upstart_script = <> #{shared_path}/log/#{node_env}.log 2>&1\"\r\n
end script\r\n
respawn\r\n
UPSTART\r\n
\r\n
  put upstart_script, \"/tmp/#{application}_upstart.conf\"\r\n
    run \"sudo mv /tmp/#{application}_upstart.conf /etc/init/#{application}_#{node_env}.conf\"\r\n
  end\r\n
\r\n
end\r\n
\r\n
before 'deploy:setup', 'deploy:create_deploy_to_with_sudo'\r\n
after 'deploy:setup', 'deploy:write_upstart_script'\r\n
after \"deploy:finalize_update\", \"deploy:update_submodules\", \"deploy:check_packages\"\r\n

\r\n
staging.rb环境文件看起来像这样。设定了应用的环境，git的branch，应用的监听端口和部署目录：\r\n

set :node_env, \"staging\"\r\n
#git repos branch\r\n
set :branch, \"master\"\r\n
#listing port\r\n
set :application_port, \"1603\"\r\n
#deploy path\r\n
set :deploy_to, \"/srv/www/apps/#{application}/#{node_env}\"\r\n

\r\n
production.rb环境文件看起来像这样：\r\n

set :node_env, \"production\"\r\n
#git repos branch\r\n
set :branch, \"production\"\r\n
#listing port\r\n
set :application_port, \"1604\"\r\n
#deploy path\r\n
set :deploy_to, \"/srv/www/apps/#{application}/#{node_env}\"\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

主要命令：

\r\n

cap -T 查看所有的task

cap deploy:setup 设置staging环境，比如创建部署的目录等。staging是默认环境，命令等同于cap staging deploy:setup。调用production环境的命令cap production deploy:setup，第一个参数是环境名，第二个参数是任务名。

cap nodebot:setup 安装系统一些软件和配置守护进程。上面已经介绍过。

cap production deploy 部署 production环境的Node.js应用。包括从仓库取最新的代码，链接最新的代码到一个目录。重起应用的Server。

cap deploy:stop, cap deploy:start和cap deploy:restart 停止，启动和重起staging环境的Server。

\r\n

简单的Node.js应用：

\r\n
我们用一个简单的Node.js应用来说明实际的效果，应用的目录结构就像这样：\r\n

.\r\n
├── Jakefile.js\r\n
├── app.js\r\n
├── config\r\n
│   └── requirements.json\r\n
└── log

\r\n
\r\n
log 应用日志的输出目录\r\n
\r\n
app.js 就是应用的启动脚本\r\n

var express = require('express');\r\n
\r\n
var app = express.createServer();\r\n
\r\n
app.get('/', function(req, res){\r\n
  //the log will out put to log/{node_env}.log\r\n
  console.log(\"Method:\" + req.method);\r\n
  //send text to agent\r\n
  res.send('Hello World. NODE_ENV=' + process.env.NODE_ENV);\r\n
});\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
//listening on application_port where set by capistrano\r\n
app.listen(process.argv[2] || 3000);\r\n

\r\n
Jakefile.js jake构建工具调用的脚本，在本例子中用来安装express\r\n

var fs = require('fs');\r\n
\r\n
desc('Check and install required packages');\r\n
task('depends', [], function (arg) {\r\n
    var npm = require('npm');\r\n
    npm.load({}, function (err) {\r\n
        if (err) return commandFailed(err);\r\n
        npm.on(\"log\", function (message) { if(arg) console.log(message) })\r\n
        var requirements = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync('config/requirements.json'));\r\n
        npm.commands.install(requirements, function (err, data) {\r\n
            if (err) return commandFailed(err);\r\n
        });\r\n
    });\r\n
}, true);\r\n

\r\n
config/requirements.json 应用依赖的定义\r\n

[ \"express[@2](/user/2).4.7\"]

\r\n
\r\n
实际部署的效果： staging环境， production环境\r\n

结论：

\r\n
使用Nodebot你可以轻松的部署你的Node.js应用。把你的焦点放到实际的需求中，而不用关心部署环境的建立和部署应用的麻烦，只许在部署客户端轻松的输入简单的命令。","title","部署Node.js的应用","last_reply_at","2017-07-23 06:53:24.871","good","top",9,"visit_count",29376,"2011-10-16 01:59:58","author",{"_13":56,"_23":57},"mashihua","http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/fae2e651c5d0e4e4fb93abcfedcfa5fa?s=48","57","640","1，为什么用EC2搭建node.js环境。\r\n

首先，本地虚拟机装centOs是很好的选择，但是需要在家里和公司同时搭好相同的环境比较麻烦，而且也不方便小团队一起折腾。

\r\n

亚马逊的免费虚拟机只要不跑太复杂的运算大概不会有额外的费用，而且亚马逊么有被墙，国内的托管目前cnode的邀请号求不到啊，还是自己动手丰衣足食吧。

\r\n
2，如何申请免费一年的EC2\r\n

在http://aws.amazon.com/上注册。

\r\n

网上有很多教程，请自行GOOGLE。

\r\n

3，EC2虚拟机简单的管理和设置

\r\n

新建KEY，保存。

\r\n

For MAC & Linux

\r\n

很简单，只要一句话

\r\n

ssh -i user.pem ec2-user[@ec2-XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX](/user/ec2-XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX).compute-1.amazonaws.com

\r\n

以上user.pem可以是你的KEY的路径。

\r\n

For PC

\r\n

putty 链接ec2-XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX.compute-1.amazonaws.com

\r\n

注意需要在connection->SSH->Auth里选上你的KEY，之前需要转pem到ppk。

\r\n

怎么看DNS名：在管理界面里，先点击你要查看的虚拟机，点右键，再弹出的菜单上点“connect”就可以看到如下图：

\r\n

其中ec2-XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX.compute-1.amazonaws.com是你的DNS名

\r\n

一般不太需要调整什么，可能要改的就是端口8080要开启。

\r\n

4，搭建node前的准备

\r\n

默认的liunx中不会吧所有工具都装好，一些基本的工具，需要我们自己装。

\r\n

以下：

\r\n

a. make

\r\n

b.gcc++

\r\n

c.curl

\r\n

d.git

\r\n

一句话安装：

\r\n

sudo yum install gcc-c++ openssl-devel make curl git

\r\n

\r\n
5，安装node\r\n

\r\n

wget http://nodejs.org/dist/node-v0.4.12.tar.gz\r\n
tar -xvf node-v0.4.12.tar.gz\r\n
cd node-v0.4.12\r\n
./configure\r\n
make

\r\n

由于是在云里跑的，所以make可能会花上30多分钟，我出去吃了个中饭，回办公室发现好了的。所以，不用在屏幕前傻等，出去走走，预防一下颈椎病。

\r\n

make install

\r\n

其他调整，由于EC2中path的问题，node装完了不一定能直接跑。所以有时候需要做些映射。

\r\n

sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/node /usr/bin/node\r\n
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/node /usr/lib/node\r\n
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/npm /usr/bin/npm\r\n
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/node-waf /usr/bin/node-waf

\r\n

6，测试第一个静态文件服务

\r\n

先在/home/ec2-user/上建个nodeweb目录，里面放静态页面，然后可以测试了～～

\r\n

var libpath = require('path'),\r\n
    http = require(\"http\"),\r\n
    fs = require('fs'),\r\n
    url = require(\"url\"),\r\n
    mime = require('mime');\r\n
var path = \"/home/ec2-user/nodeweb\";\r\n
var port = 8080;\r\n
http.createServer(function (request, response) {\r\n
    var uri = url.parse(request.url).pathname;\r\n
    var filename = libpath.join(path, uri);\r\n
    libpath.exists(filename, function (exists) {\r\n
        if (!exists) {\r\n
            response.writeHead(404, {\r\n
                \"Content-Type\": \"text/plain\"\r\n
            });\r\n
            response.write(\"404 Not Found\\n\");\r\n
            response.end();\r\n
            return;\r\n
        }\r\n
        if (fs.statSync(filename).isDirectory()) {\r\n
            filename += '/index.html';\r\n
        }\r\n
        fs.readFile(filename, \"binary\", function (err, file) {\r\n
            if (err) {\r\n
                response.writeHead(500, {\r\n
                    \"Content-Type\": \"text/plain\"\r\n
                });\r\n
                response.write(err + \"\\n\");\r\n
                response.end();\r\n
                return;\r\n
            }\r\n
            var type = mime.lookup(filename);\r\n
            response.writeHead(200, {\r\n
                \"Content-Type\": type\r\n
            });\r\n
            response.write(file, \"binary\");\r\n
            response.end();\r\n
        });\r\n
    });\r\n
}).listen(port);

\r\n

\r\n
7，推荐阅读：\r\n

a.Installing Node.js On Amazon EC2 :http://www.embracingthecloud.com/2010/12/05/InstallingNodejsOnAmazonEC2.aspx

\r\n

b.npm : https://github.com/isaacs/npm

\r\n

c.mime : https://github.com/bentomas/node-mime

\r\n

8，其他～

\r\n
求推荐操作简单的配合node用数据库。\r\n
\r\n
我的微博：http://weibo.com/vitrum","在EC2 中搭建node.js 环境","2016-08-13 14:15:48.03",3,10955,"2011-10-11 06:46:41",{"_13":67,"_23":68},"vitrum","http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/fd9a289d2d247fcf5d1813531f9ea327?s=48"]